Performance-based Code Alternative Solutions
Canada is presently regulating the fourth Code cycle since the introduction of an objective-based national model Code after adopting the objective-based format in 2005. The objective-based Code included adding the alternative regulatory path to permit acceptable equivalent solutions to supplement the listing of acceptable solutions that include both prescriptive requirements and performance-based requirements. These equivalent solutions, called alternative solutions, meet the objectives and functional statements of the Code. The demonstrated compliance can take many forms, such as research papers, engineering judgment, fire computational models, fire engineering calculations, and engineering and/or administrative controls. The comparison should be between the performance of the compliant case to the proposed solution and not the risk.
Since 2005, the model national building Code of Canada has included an alternative solution application protocol, permitting the proposal of original materials and designs to meet the objective and functional statements[1] that prompt the full intent of the Code. The building Code in each province or territory is generally based on the model Code with additions, deletions, and amendments. Authorities Having Jurisdiction (AHJ) in Canada are presently governing the Code cycle since the introduction of an objective-based national model Code. The change to an objective-based Code included adding alternative regulatory paths to permit acceptable equivalent solutions to supplement the listing of prescriptive solutions for well-known building materials and assemblies. By defining the goals of the Code via cross-referenced objectives and functional statements, the objective-based format endeavors to give designers and Code officials methods to evaluate a potential design for Code conformance.
Performance-based Codes are perceived to be more flexible, allow for the use of new technology and materials, are better suited for large or unusual buildings, and provide explicit objectives and performance requirements. They are also less conservative and more cost-effective.
[1] The functional statements are interconnected with the objectives and describe conditions to help satisfy the objectives (Preface National Building Code of Canada 2015).
Hossam Shalabi, P.Eng., Ph.D., CFEI
Special Advisor; National Life Safety Group
Dr. Shalabi is an international fire & explosion expert with over 20 years of engineering experience. Dr. Shalabi has positioned himself as a leader in fire risk engineering, code alternative solution, fire & explosion forensics, and risk-based cost-benefit analysis.
National Life Safety Group, based in Toronto, Ontario is a trusted, fully independent fire, safety and emergency management / code consulting & advisory firm. We provide leadership and innovation to the safety, security, building / property management & facility operations industries.